2023年说课稿结束语六篇(大全)

小编: 字海

范文为教学中作为模范的文章,也常常用来指写作的模板。常常用于文秘写作的参考,也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写?接下来小编就给大家介绍一下优秀的范文该怎么写,我们一起来看一看吧。

说课稿结束语篇一

《纲要》中指出:要引导幼儿接触优秀作品,使之感受优美的语言和丰富的情感,并通过多种活动帮助幼儿加深对故事的理解。

根据《纲要》的要求,我选择了《幸福的大桌子》这个融情感教育、语言教育为一体的经典亲情故事。该故事讲述大桌子陪伴着兔子一家成长,小兔子长大后纷纷离家,只剩下兔奶奶和充满回忆的大桌子,但故事最后兔子们回家纷纷为奶奶庆祝生日,大桌子又恢复以往那样快乐幸福。故事的篇幅短小、情景生动、角色丰富、情感教育浓厚。而故事从内容、角色形象、情感教育各个方面上看,都是幼儿感兴趣的题材。特别是故事里面兔奶奶以及兔老大、兔老二等几个形象的角色:海员、厨师、音乐家都是幼儿比较熟悉的形象。

幼儿特点:大班幼儿大多5岁左右,这时的幼儿对事物是充满探究欲望的。而且能初步运用感官(视觉),探索问题。

针对他们探究欲望强烈这个特点,我设计课程的时候多使用提问的方法,充分激发幼儿的思考。而我在课程中使用的多媒体以及图片能让幼儿直接观察,充分刺激幼儿的视觉,引导他们了解故事内容,细细揣摩故事中所传达的爱与情感,唤起幼儿情感的共鸣。

1.能通过观察画面,知道兔儿们的职业以及猜想正在发生或即将发生的故事情景。(认知目标)

设计:根据《指南》中5-6岁幼儿能根据故事的部分情节或图书画面的线索猜想故事情节的发展,或续编、创编故事。

2.观察故事图片能较完整的表达故事的内容,提高思维及语言表达能力。(技能目标)

设计:根据《指南》中5-6岁幼儿能有序、连贯、清楚地讲述一件事情。

3.感受故事中浓浓的亲情,萌发关心长辈的情感。(情感目标)

设计:根据《指南》中5-6岁幼儿愿意与他人讨论问题,敢在众人面前说话。幼儿在运用语言进行交流的同时,也在发展着人际交往能力、理解他人和判断交往情境的能力、组织自己思想的能力。

根据大班认知水平和情感方面的特点,对理解故事中隐含的情感有一定的困难。我将本次活动设定的重点是能通过观察画面,知道兔儿们的职业以及正在发生的情景。难点是感知兔奶奶的心情变化,萌发对长辈的关爱。

(一)教法

视听讲结合法:将整个故事制成一张张的图片,让幼儿通过充分观察,再结合我生动形象的讲述,让幼儿感知和领会故事内容引导幼儿知道故事情节,理解作品的内容。

1、直观演示:运用直观形象的图片进行表演示范,本次活动我主要运用了多媒体教学,将整个故事制成一张张的图片,通过欣赏,引导幼儿知道故事情节,理解作品的内容。

2、讲述:通过生动形象的讲述,激发幼儿情感共识,在讲述过程中,我将控制语气和声音,如“兔奶奶面对这大桌子一个人吃饭”语气放慢放低,在讲述兔奶奶回忆孩子们在家玩耍时的欢快语气等等。让幼儿更好的理解故事中情感的变化。

3、提问:提问是为了引导幼儿观察事物要求再现已掌握的知识,启发幼儿积极思维的方法,我运用了引导性提问“兔奶奶家什么最大?、猜猜他们家有几个人?”假设性提问“如果你是兔奶奶的孩子,你会对兔奶奶说什么?

(二)说学法

幼儿通过观察、讨论、讲述等方法,学会理解作品的内容,能大胆、完整地讲述自己的想法。

通过对作品的理解,感受到故事中隐含的亲情,唤起幼儿对亲人的关爱。

经验准备:幼儿对日常角色(如厨师、学生、音乐家等)有一定的了解。

物质准备:ppt、手绘图片。提供这些材料是为了能让每个幼儿都能动用视觉这个感官,让幼儿能够提高观察能力。

1.导入部分(3分钟):教师出示图一:兔奶奶一人坐在大桌子旁。

(1)让幼儿观察画面:兔奶奶的家里有些什么?

幼儿发现兔奶奶家里有一张大桌子。

(2)让幼儿数数大桌子旁的椅子:小朋友们数数看,兔奶奶家原来有几个人?

发现现在只有她一个人生活在这幢房子里。

设计意图:以图提问,激发兴趣,兴趣是幼儿主动参与学习的关键,开门见山,出示故事中的第一张图片提出问题,如:兔奶奶家什么东西最大,家里有几人呢?激发幼儿想要一探内容故事的兴趣。(3分钟)

2.讲述故事并提问幼儿(15分钟):教师通过展示ppt讲述故事并提问

教师出示图二(兔奶奶和她的孩子们),让幼儿结合画面的线索,了解兔奶奶的孩子的职业。画面的变化(有哪个成员在家或者不在家),根据画面的提示猜测他们离开家的理由。

(1)让幼儿根据猜测每个孩子都会在全家团聚的时候做些什么,体会全家人在一起其乐融融的情景,激发对长辈关心的情感。

(2)与幼儿谈论故事内容:如果你是兔奶奶,你最大的愿望是什么呢?(孩子们能回家来。)激发幼儿对长辈的关心以及亲情。

设计意图:让幼儿有目的地欣赏故事,出示幻灯片,幼儿直观的观看图片理解故事内容,并在重点部分提出问题,让幼儿探讨,达到重难点的突破,如:孩子们为什么不在家?兔奶奶的心情是怎样的?

3.理解幸福(7分钟):体会故事包含的亲情,理解幸福。教师出示图四,让幼儿观察全家团聚的热闹场面。

(1)数一数一家人围坐在桌边时的人数。

谈论:兔爷爷去世了,但家里的人数怎么却从原来的7人变成8人?让幼儿发现家里多了两个兔宝宝,大桌子快要坐不下了。兔奶奶的家庭成员只会越来越多,感受到了一大桌子的家庭成员在一起的那种幸福的感觉。

(2)大女儿兔妈妈为兔奶奶做了一桌好菜。

讨论:让幼儿运用自己的生活经验,想象一下大女儿兔妈妈会为兔奶奶做哪些好菜。

(3)兔老三弹起了吉他,全家随着琴声为兔奶奶唱起歌来。

讨论:进入故事,和兔奶奶的孩子们一起唱起了每个幼儿都会唱的歌《世上只有妈妈好》。

(4)观察画面(两个兔宝宝的举动:一个为兔奶奶挑选水果,另一个在兔奶奶的脸上亲了又亲。)想象:兔宝宝对兔奶奶说什么,为兔奶奶做什么?

(5)大家举杯庆贺:和故事中的人物一起举杯庆贺。想象举杯时应该说什么,一起说一说。

设计意图:故事名称《幸福的大桌子》大桌子周围发生了许多令兔奶奶快乐和幸福的事,今天大桌周围又充满了欢笑,大桌子也感到非常的幸福。让幼儿根据故事情节说出自己对幸福的理解,能够加深幼儿对幸福涵义的体会。

4.延伸部分(5分钟):交流,让幼儿对幸福有一定涵义,引出故事名《幸福的大桌子》。

设计意图:幼儿讨论我们该怎么对待自己的爸爸妈妈和爷爷奶奶,回家做一些让他们感到幸福的事。学会关心长辈,并且能够在日常生活中体现出来。

说课稿结束语篇二

����

��������òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºí·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£

�������ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªò»ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ò³é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ö»ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºí³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ø¼ò·×·ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¨ï¿½ñ¡£¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½è¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

�����׶��øµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5�����ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ð¹ù£ï¿½ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£

�����������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¿î³ìµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ãµä¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ö±ï¿½ó¹û²ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ö´ì¼ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¸ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ä¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����1.��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì»­ï¿½æ£¬öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ö°òµï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¼´½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªä¿ï¿½ê£©

������æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5-6���׶��ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ý¹ï¿½ï¿½âµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½í¼ï¿½é»­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½

����2.�û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£©

������æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5-6���׶����������ᡢ����ø½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

����3.���ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¨å¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£©

������æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5-6���׶�ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ú·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

�������ý´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»î¶¯ï¿½è¶¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì»­ï¿½æ£¬öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ö°òµï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì·ï¿½

������������ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹û²ì£¬ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½

����1��ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½

����2��������í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ô·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµí£ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì»ï¿½ï¿½äº¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ê±ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµè¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½

����3�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¼ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ó£¿¡ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµäºï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����������ëµñ§ï¿½ï¿½

�����׶�í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ü´óµ¨¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½

����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¹ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

��������׼�����׶����õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼òµè£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½â¡£

��������׼����ppt���ö»ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����1.���벿�ö£ï¿½3���ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾í¼ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½

����(1)���׶��û²ì»­ï¿½æ£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

�����׶����������ì¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½å´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

����(2)���׶������������ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¼ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½

������������ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â´±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

���������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¼ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµäµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ç£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¼ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªò»ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¹ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3���ó£ï¿½

����2.�������â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½15���ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦í¨ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ppt�������â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµäºï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ö°òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ú¼ò»ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ªï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½

����(1)���׶����ý²â²ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾ûµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½

����(2)���׶�ì¸ï¿½û¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü»ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

���������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ãµï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ö±ï¿½ûµä¹û¿ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã²¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ì½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ç£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

����3.�����ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½7���ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾í¼ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½æ¡£

����(1)��ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ì¸ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¯ò¯è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´è´ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½7�ë±ï¿½ï¿½8�ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¿ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµä¼ï¿½í¥ï¿½ï¿½ô±ö»ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµä¼ï¿½í¥ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����(2)��å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ë¡ï¿½

�������û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾­ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â´ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ã²ë¡ï¿½

����(3)�����������ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµäºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á³ªï¿½ä¸è¡¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����(4)�û²ì»­ï¿½æ£¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´?

����(5)��ò¾ù±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ù±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù±ï¿½ê±ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ëµê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½

���������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë»ï¿½ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£

����4.���첿�ö£ï¿½5���ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä°ö°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¯ò¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ðµï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

说课稿结束语篇三

本节课我所讲的是人教版七年级上册第一章《有理数》中的第三节第二课《有理数的减法》的第一课时.

数与代数部分是义务教育阶段数学课程的重要内容。这部分内容包括数的概念、数的运算、数的估计;字母表数、代数式及其运算;方程、方程组、不等式,函数等。而数的运算伴随着数的形成与发展不断丰富,从最基本的自然数的四则运算,扩展到有理数的四则运算、乘方、开方运算等。新课标中指出:运算能力主要是根据法则和运算律正确地进行运算的能力。培养运算能力有助于学生理解运算的算理,寻求合理简洁的运算途径解决问题。新课标是在总目标的四个方面之一的“数学思考”中提出运算能力的思维和抽象思维。”这说明运算能力是数学思考的重要内涵。不仅如此,运算能力对新课标在总目标中提出的其他三个方面目标的整体实现,同样是不可缺少的基本条件。

“有理数的运算”是“数与代数”学习领域的重要内容,减法是其中的一种基本运算.有理数的减法是小学减法的延续,通过对有理数的减法运算的学习,学生将对减法运算有进一步的认识和理解,它对今后正确熟练地进行有理数的混合运算奠定基础,并对解决实际问题都有十分重要的作用。

在生活中,学生经常会进行同类量之间的比较,因此学生对减法运算并不陌生,但这种认识常常流于经验的层面。在小学阶段学生学习了局限性的减法运算,并进行了技能性的强化训练,学生对此缺乏理性的认识,很多时候减法仅作为加法的逆运算而存在。因比,在教学中一方面要利用这些既有的知识储备作为“知识生长的最近发展区”来促进新课的学习,另一方面要通过具体情境中减法运算的学习,让学生体会减法的意义。此外,值得注意的是本年龄段的学生学习积极性高,探索欲望强烈,但数学活动的经验较少,探索效率较低,合作交流能力有待加强,因此在教学过程中要做好调控和引导,并且要让学生体验到成功的快乐。

依据《课程标准》的要求,结合本班学生情况,确定本节课的教学目标如下:

知识与技能目标:掌握有理数的减法法则,能运用有理数的减法法则进行运算。

过程与方法目标:经历由特例归纳出一般规律的过程,培养学生的抽象概括能力及表达能力;通过对有理数减法法则的探讨,体验数学的转化思想。

情感态度与价值观目标: 在归纳有理数减法法则的过程中,通过讨论、交流等方式进行同伴间的合作学习。

根据以上对教材的地位和作用,以及学情分析,结合新课标对本节课的要求,我将本节课的重点确定为:理解有理数减法法则的意义,会运用有理数的减法法则进行运算。难点确定为:有理数减法法则的探讨。

《新课标》中明确指出:学生是数学学习的主人,教师是数学学习的组织者、引导者与合作者,基于以上理念,结合本节课内容及学生情况,教学设计中采用“引导发现法”组织教学.其基本程序设计为:创设情境提出猜想一探索验证一总结归纳一反馈运用,上述教学程序的实施很大程度上依赖于学生的学习,因此对学生学习方式的指导是十分重要的,本节课应鼓励和引导学生采用自主探索与合作交流相结合的方式进行学习,让学生亲历从特例到归纳(不完全归纳)出一般的减法法则的全过程,体验知识产生和发展的全过程。

本节课主要以多媒体课件教学,通过创设情境,层层深入,环环相扣,师生互动,探讨交流,讲练结合设计本节课.

(一)复习回顾

1.-2的相反数是____,+0.3的相反数____,相反数是它的本身的数是___.

2.计算

(1) 4 + 16 = (2)(–2)+(–7)=

(3)(–1)+3.6 = (4) 2 + (–4) =

(5)(–5)+ 5 = (6) 0 + (–8) =

设计意图:通过复习回顾,熟悉旧知,为学生本节课的学习做好知识准备。

(二)创设情境、引入新课

北京某天气温是-3c~3c,这天的温差是多少摄氏度呢?

学生列式表示3-(-3)=?但是不知道结果。

设计意图:通过小知识引入问题,然后引出有理数的减法运算,引起学生的探究欲望,激发学生的学习兴趣。

(三)探究新知

同学们都知道,减法和加法互为逆运算,3-(-3)=?也就是问什么数加上-3等于3?

因为6+(-3)=3 所以 3-(-3)=6

师问:3+?=6 生答:3+ 3=6

请同学们观察以下两个式子:

(1)3 -( –3)=6; (2)3+3=6

你发现了什么?换些数试试。(学生自主思考)

9-8=____, 9+(-8)=____;

15-7=____, 15+(-7)=____.

然后比较上面的式子,能发现其中的规律吗?分小组讨论。

然后师生共同归纳法则,教师板书法则。并强调减法在运算时有 2 个要素要发生变化,1个要素不变。(两变一不变)

设计意图:通过观察、交流、讨论,归纳发现有理数的减法法则,感受转化的数学思想。

练习:下列括号内各应填什么数?

(1)(-2)-(-3)=(-2)+____;

(2) 0 - (-4)= 0 ____ 4 ;

(3)(-6)- 3 =(-6)+_______;

(4) 1-(+39)= ____ +(-39).

设计意图:通过学生边口述,边解释法则,学生能找准在将减法变加法的过程中什么变,什么不变。

(四)典例讲解

例4计算:

(1)(-3)-(-5) (2)0-7

(3)7.2-(-4.8) (4)

教师板演示范(1)(4),示范书写过程,学生完成(2)(3)。

设计意图:通过教师的板演,为学生的书写起示范作用,学生练习暴露出来的问题,教师可以及时发现并指正。

思考:在小学,只有当a大于或等于b时,我们才会做a-b,现在,当a小于b时,你会做a-b吗?

一般地,较小的数减去较大的数,所得的差的符号是什么?

通过上述例题,学生不难解答。

(五)当堂检测

1.计算:

(1) 6-9; (2) (+4)-(-7);

(3)(-5)-(-8); (4) 0 -(-5);

(5)(-2.5)-5.9 ; (6) 1.9 -(-0.6).

2.计算:

(1)比2c 低 8c 的温度;

(2)比 -3c 低 6c 的温度.

3.(20xx·中考)计算:|(-3)-5|=____.

(六)小结

这节课我们学习了哪些知识?你还学到了什么?你能说一说吗?

学生自主谈收获,其他同学补充,教师可给与必要总结.

设计说明:小结归纳不应该仅仅是知识的简单罗列,而应该是优化认知结构,完善知识体系的一种有效手段,为充分发挥学生的主体地位,让学生自己总结,谈收获,培养学生善于进行学习反思的良好习惯.

(七)作业布置

必做题:

习题1.3第3题(1)(2)(5)(9)(10)第4题(1)(5)

选做题:

已知a=8,b=-5,c=-6,求(c-a)-|b|的值.

设计说明:根据课标和本节课的教学目标的要求,学生要会运用有理数的减法法则进行运算。我将作业分成选做和必做两个层次,这样尽量能让每个同学在今天的学习中都有所收获.

(八)板书设计

1.3.2有理数的减法

1.有理数的减法法则

2.两个变化要素

相反数

3.转化思想

设计意图:本节课的板书我主要采用提纲式的板书,既直观形象,又能加深理解记忆.

以上是我对本节课的见解,还请各位老师多多指导.

说课稿结束语篇四

过渡语:分析教材是上好一堂课的前提与基础,首先我先来谈谈对教材的理解。

《精耕细作农业生产模式的形成》是岳麓版高中历史必修二第一单元第一课的内容,本课由“农业的起源”“从耒耜到曲辕犁”“水利设施逐渐完善”“从千耦其耘到个体农耕”四个子目构成,主要讲述了我国古代精耕细作农业生产体系形成过程和农业经济发展的特点。

过渡语:除了对教材要进行深入的分析和研读之外,还需要对学情有一定的把握。

本课的授课对象为高一年级学生。经过初中历史课程的学习,他们的历史知识结构相对完整,但是刚刚接触专题史,不善于综合分析历史问题,因此要达到教学目标还有一定难度。

过渡语:新课程标准是制定教学目标的出发点和依据,根据新课标对本课的要求我制定了如下教学目标:

【知识与能力】

了解农业的产生、生产技术的进步以及水利工程建造的基本史实,知道古代农业发展的基本特点,理解小农经济的影响。

【过程与方法】

通过史料分析,理解小农经济的特点和影响,提析问题、解决问题的能力;通过小组讨论提高团队协作和探究的能力。

【情感态度与价值观】

认识到生产力的发展是推动社会发展的根本原因,知道古代劳动人民杰出的创造才能和智慧推动了古代生产力的发展,培养民族自豪感和自信心。

<

过渡语:在吃透教材的基础上,我的教学重难点设计如下:

【重点】

精耕细作农业生产体系的形成表现。

【难点】

对小农经济的认识和评价。

托尔斯泰说过:“成功的教学需要的不是强制,而是激发学生的学习兴趣。”因而,我在教学过程中特别重视教学方法的选择。

在本课,我主要采取的教学方法有谈话法、史料分析法和小组讨论法等。

过渡语:接下来,我来具体谈谈这堂课的教学过程,这也是我本次说课的核心。

环节一:导入新课

过渡语:众所周知,一堂历史课如果有好的开头,就能抓住学生的求知心理。为此我采用创设情境导入法导入新课。

我会朗诵《悯农》这首诗:锄禾日当午,汗滴禾下土,谁知盘中餐,粒粒皆辛苦。并且引导:诗里描绘了在烈日当空的正午农民田里劳作的景象,概括地表现了农民终年辛勤劳动的生活,最后以“谁知盘中餐,粒粒皆辛苦”这样近似蕴意深远的格言,表达了诗人对农民真挚的同情之心。那农业是什么时候产生的呢?经历了怎样的发展过程?又有着怎样的特点?从而导入新课。

【设计意图】通过诗歌导入,营造历史情景,增强学生的直观感知,拉近学生跟历史之间的距离,也为新课的讲授营造良好的教学氛围。

环节二:新课教学

(一)农业的起源

为了将学生的思路一步步引入课堂,我会讲述神农尝百草的故事,提问:古代中国农业是如何产生的呢?引导学生结合教材得出:原始农业是从采集转向了种植。

接着我会展示河姆渡遗址碳化稻物以及六畜的图片,并提问:结合图片和教材中的史料,从地域和产业结构两方面思考中国的农业的发展概况是什么样的?农业发展有着怎样的特点呢?学生回答后我会从地域差别、产业结构等方面进行总结,从而帮助学生理解这部分的内容。

【设计意图】通过故事的方式,吸引学生的注意力,同时设置问题,激发学生的思考。

(二)从耒耜到曲辕犁

我会展示石锄石镰、战国的铁制工具以及汉代耕作画像砖等图片,请学生思考:仔细观察图片,说一说它们是如何得到改进的,这种进步对农业生产有着什么意义?学生回答后我会帮助学生按照原始时期——文明时代——商周——春秋战国——西汉——唐这样的时间线索进行整理。最后我会补充:生产工具的进步推动了生产力的发展,进而促进了农业生产的`发展。

接着我会引导:除了生产工具的改进之外,还出现了翻车筒车等灌溉工具,促进了农业的发展。

【设计意图】通过展示图片的方式,增强课堂的趣味性,提高学生获取信息及归纳整理的能力。

(三)水利设施逐渐完善

在讲述水利设施逐渐完善这一知识点时,我会引导:农业生产的发展离不开水利设施的兴建。大禹治水的传说,反映了上古时代先民为战胜自然灾害、发展生产而兴修水利的艰苦历程。接着展示都江堰、芍陂、郑国渠等的图片,并提问:春秋战国时期生产力的发展,推动了水利工程建设的发展,在这一时期有哪些主要的水利工程呢?学生明确:学生结合图片,回答问题:都江堰、芍坡、郑国渠等。

我会出示都江堰的结构示意图,并引导:春秋战国时期最为著名的水利工程是都江堰,那它位于哪里?是由谁修建的?为什么要修建呢?由哪几部分构成?各部分分别有什么作用呢?得到答案后,接着会继续出示史料,安排学生以历史小组为单位,用5分钟的时间思考:都江堰的修建有什么意义呢?小组代表回答后,我会总结:都江堰建成后,成都平原“水旱从人,不知饥馑,时无荒年,谓之天府”。20xx多年来,都江堰一直发挥着巨大的功效。

对于黄河的治理,我会引导学生明白黄河对于农业发展十分重要,因此历代统治者比较重视黄河的治理,并且介绍:黄河在魏郡地方夺汴河河道入海,带来了严重的水患灾害,公元69年,汉明帝任用杰出的水利家王景治理黄河。此时我会展示王景治河的图片,提问:王景治河的过程是怎样的?有哪些意义?学生回答后,我会总结:具体方针是“筑堤,理渠,绝水,立门,河、汴分流,复其旧迹”。这次治河使桀骜不驯的黄河安流将近800年。

接着我会介绍:在边疆和自然条件较为恶劣的地区,古代劳动人民也充分发挥创造能力,因地制宜,兴建了很多其他具有地方特色的水利灌溉工程。此时会展示坎儿井的工作原理图,请学生对其进行简要介绍。

【设计意图】通过图片展示以及一连串的问题设置,提高学生获取信息及语言表达能力。

(四)从千耦其耘到个体农耕

在讲解小农经济这部分知识时,我会提问:我国古代的耕作方式在不断的进步,那在商周时期,耕作方式是怎样的呢?学生明确:耕作方式是大规模的简单协作。

我会继续引导:到了春秋战国时期,出现了自耕农经济,这一变化出现的根本原因是什么?自耕农经济有着怎样的特点呢?学生回答后,我会进行相应的总结,从而明确这部分的内容。

我会展示白居易的的诗篇《朱陈村》,安排学生以历史小组为单位,5分钟的时间思考:对于自耕农经济,我们该如何评价呢?小组代表发言后,我会进行整理:(积极)自给自足,生活比较稳定,生产积极性较高;(局限)阻碍社会分工和交换经济的发展;过度剥削和压迫,自耕农容易破产。

【设计意图】通过小组讨论的方式,提高自主合作及探究的能力。

环节三:小结作业

1、小结

课堂小结的目的是强化认识,巩固知识,把课堂传授的知识尽快地转化为学生的知识。因此在小结环节我采用了师生共同总结的形式进行整理。

2、作业

在课程的最后我设置了开放性的作业:请学生观察身边的农业发展的状况,说一说现今的农业生产有着怎样的特点,下节课交流讨论。

【设计意图】通过这样的小结,帮助学生建立完整的知识体系,开放式的作业,可以提高学生的动手实践能力,拓展视野。

说课稿结束语篇五

����

��������������ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºï¿½ò»ï¿½ã¿îµï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ì¸ï¿½ô½ì²äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£

����������ï¸ï¿½ï¿½å©òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½å©òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµ½ï¿½ï¿½ô¯ï¿½ç¡±ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½å©òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½î³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½å©òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã¡£

����

������������ë¶ô½ì²ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ö®ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½

�������îµï¿½ï¿½ú¿î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ê¼¶ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½î³ìµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·öªê¶ï¿½á¹¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸õ¸õ½ó´ï¿½×¨ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê»¹ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶è¡ï¿½

����

����������â¿î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î±ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê£º

������öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ë½ï¿½å©òµï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·êµï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½å©òµï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡å©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ó°ï¿½ì¡£

�����������뷽����

����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡å©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ð­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½û¡ï¿½

������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á·¢õ¹ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üºï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ë¹å´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

����<

����������ú³ï¿½í¸ï¿½ì²äµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½òµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½

�������øµã¡¿

��������ï¸ï¿½ï¿½å©òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³é±ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½

�������ñµã¡¿

������ð¡å©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½

����

�����ð¶ï¿½ë¹ì©ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½

�����ú±ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û·ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½

����

�������������������������ì¸ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½îµäºï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

��������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½

���������������öªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºãµä¿ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î¡ï¿½

�����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ç£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ë­öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ë¶ï¿½å©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å©òµï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¿ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î¡ï¿½

�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½èµ¼ï¿½ë£¬óªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½û¸ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ö®ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ò²îªï¿½â¿îµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½

�������ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î½ï¿½ñ§

������ò»ï¿½ï¿½å©òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´

����îªï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼â·ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ò»á½²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù²ýµä¹ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½å©òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ì²äµã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ê¼å©òµï¿½ç´ó²é¼ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½

���������ò»ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ì¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½í½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ê·ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½òµï¿½á¹¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å©òµï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½å©òµï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡¢²ï¿½òµï¿½á¹¹ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á£¬ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²¿ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½

�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������������굽��ô¯ï¿½ï¿½

�����ò»ï¿½õ¹ê¾ê¯ï¿½ï¿½ê¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×©ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½û²ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµãµï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å©òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¿ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ê¼ê±ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»á²¹ï¿½ä£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å©òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½`��õ¹ï¿½ï¿½

���������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä¸ä½ï¿½ö®ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¹ï¿½è¹ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å©òµï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½

�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾í¼æ¬ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½è¤î¶ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å©òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ä´ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªõ½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½

�����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä½á¹¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½þ½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½îªê²ã´òªï¿½þ½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ð°¸ºó£¬½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ê·ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ð¡ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5���óµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½þ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ü½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½éºó£¬³é¶ï¿½æ½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ê±ï¿½þ»ï¿½ï¿½ê£¬î½ö®ï¿½ì¸®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½20xx��������������ò»ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾þ´ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½

�������ú»æºóµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×»æºó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å©òµï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß±è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó»æºóµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óºóµï¿½ï¿½ëº£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôª69�꣬���������ã½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò»ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºóµï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºóµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¿ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ü½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ±ï¿½ä»æºó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½800�ꡣ

���������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ú±ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ëºü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½

�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬õ¹ê¾ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å©ï¿½ï¿½

�����ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡å©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²¿ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ïµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ð­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½å©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½å©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á£¬ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½â²¿ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½

�����ò»ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½×¾ï¿½ï¿½×µäµï¿½ê«æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â´å¡·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ð¡ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½5���óµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½å©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¸ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ£ï¿½ï¿½è°­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¹ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½å©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµ

����1��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½

��������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¿ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½á»·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2����òµ

�����ú¿î³ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½å©òµï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½å©òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½â½ú¿î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½

�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½

����

说课稿结束语篇六

�������ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµú¶ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±.

�������������������������׶���ñ§ï¿½î³ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½â²¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½î¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ë·¢õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡¢ï¿½ë·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½â¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ý·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ø½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½â¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½í³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ö£ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ùµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������������㡱�ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ò»ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¶¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶¼ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

�����������ð£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ä±è½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²¢ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½æ¡£ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½×¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ë¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ó·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½â¿îµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªí¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬öµï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ß£ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ê½ïµí£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½øºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµ½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½

�������ý¡ï¿½ï¿½î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ó£¬½ï¿½ï±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµä½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½

����öªê¶ï¿½ë¼¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡£

���������뷽��ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë¡£

�������ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£º �ú¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½

�����������ï¶ô½ì²äµäµï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î±ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡£ï¿½ñµï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½

�������â¿î±ê¡·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï±ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¼ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ò»ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµê©ï¿½ü´ï¿½ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½

�������ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ô¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,���������æ±ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½.

����(ò»)��ï°ï¿½ø¹ï¿½

����1.��2���෴����____��+0.3���෴��____���෴�������ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½___��

����2.����

������1�� 4 + 16 = ��2�����c2��+���c7��=

������3�����c1��+3.6 = ��4�� 2 + ���c4�� =

������5�����c5��+ 5 = ��6�� 0 + ���c8�� =

���������í¼ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ø¹ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������������龳�������â¿ï¿½

��������ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½3c��3c��������â²ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾3��(��3)�������ç²ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������í¼ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ð¡öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½

����������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öª

����í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ó·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬3��(��3)����ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½-3����3��

������îª6+��-3��=3 ���� 3-��-3��=6

����ê¦ï¿½ê£ï¿½3+��=6 ����3+ 3=6

������í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ó£ï¿½

������1��3 ���� �c����=6�� ��2��3+3=6

�����㷢����ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����9-8=____�� 9+��-8��=____;

����15-7=____, 15+(-7)=____.

����è»ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ü·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿·ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½

����è»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·ï¿½ï¿½ò£¬½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·¨ï¿½ò¡£²ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ 2 ��òªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½1��òªï¿½ø²ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£©

���������í¼ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£¬¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ë¼ï¿½ë¡£

������ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������1����-2��-��-3��=��-2��+____��

������2�� 0 - ��-4��= 0 ____ 4 ��

������3����-6��- 3 =��-6��+_______��

������4�� 1-��+39��= ____ +��-39��.

���������í¼ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó·ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ä£¬ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£

�������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������4���㣺

������1����-3��-��-5�� ��2��0-7

������3��7.2-��-4.8�� ��4��

������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1����4����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½2����3����

���������í¼ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½â¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ðµï¿½a���ú»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½bê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½a��b�����ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½að¡ï¿½ï¿½bê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½a��b��?

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä²ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ï¿½ï¿½

�������壩���ã¼ï¿½ï¿½

����1.���㣺

������1�� 6��9; ��2�� (��4)��(��7);

������3��(��5)��(��8)�� ��4�� 0 ��(��5)��

������5��(��2.5)��5.9 �� ��6�� 1.9 ��(��0.6).

����2.���㣺

������1����2c �� 8c ���â¶è£ï¿½

������2���� ��3c �� 6c ���â¶ï¿½.

����3.(20xx���ð¿ï¿½)���㣺|��-3����5|��____.

����(��)ð¡ï¿½ï¿½

������ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½é¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ü½ï¿½.

�������ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½á¹¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ö¶î£ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ü½á£¬ì¸ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½.

����(�ߣ���òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������⣺

����ï°ï¿½ï¿½1.3��3�⣨1����2����5����9����10����4�⣨1����5��

����ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£º

������öªa=8��b=-5��c=-6����(c-a)-|b|��öµï¿½ï¿½

�������ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¿î±ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµä½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡£ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ö³ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½.

����(�ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1.3.2�������ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1.�������ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2.�����仯òªï¿½ï¿½

�����෴��

����3.ת��ë¼ï¿½ï¿½

���������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.

�����������ò¶ô±ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµä¼ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½.